The biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to sustain its life is referred to as nutrition. It provides nutrients to organisms, which can be metabolised to produce energy and chemical structures. Malnutrition occurs when sufficient nutrients are not obtained. Nutritional science is the study of nutrition, with a focus on human nutrition. The type of organism determines what nutrients are required and how they are obtained. Organisms obtain nutrients through the consumption of organic matter, the consumption of inorganic matter, the absorption of light, or some combination of these. Some can produce nutrients by consuming basic elements, whereas others must consume other organisms to obtain pre-existing nutrients. All forms of life require carbon, energy, water, and a variety of other molecules. Animals require complex nutrients like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, which they obtain by eating other organisms. To replace foraging and advance human nutrition, humans developed agriculture and cooking. Plants obtain nutrients from the soil and the atmosphere. Fungi absorb n scientific analysis of food and nutrients began in the late 18th century during the chemical revolution. Chemists in the 18th and 19th centuries experimented with various elements and food sources to develop nutritional theories. Individual micronutrients were identified in the 1910s, which marked the beginning of modern nutrition science. Thiamine was the first vitamin to be chemically identified in 1926, and the role of vitamins in nutrition was studied. During the Great Depression and World War II, the first recommended dietary allowances for humans were developed. Because of its importance in human health, the study of nutrition has placed a strong emphasis on human nutrition and agriculture, with ecology serving as a secondary concern. Nutrients around them by breaking them down and absorbing them through the mycelium. Nutrients are substances that provide the organism with energy and physical components, allowing it to survive, grow, and reproduce. Nutrients can range from simple elements to complex macromolecules. Organic matter contains approximately 30 elements, the most important of which are nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. Macronutrients are the primary substances required by an organism, whereas micronutrients are substances required in trace amounts by an organism. Organic micronutrients are known as vitamins, while inorganic micronutrients are known as minerals. Cells absorb nutrients and use them in metabolic biochemical reactions. Fueling reactions generate precursor metabolites and energy, biosynthetic reactions convert precursor metabolites into building block molecules, polymerizations combine these molecules into macromolecule polymers, and assembly reactions use these polymers to build cellular structures. Organisms are classified according to how they obtain carbon and energy. Heterotrophs obtain nutrients by consuming the carbon of other organisms, whereas autotrophs produce their own nutrients from the carbon of inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide. Some plankton and carnivorous plants are mixotrophs, meaning they can be both heterotrophs and autotrophs. Phototrophs get their energy from light, whereas chemotrophs get theirs from consuming chemical energy from matter. Organotrophs obtain electrons by consuming other organisms, whereas lithotrophs obtain electrons from inorganic substances such as water, hydrogen sulphide, dihydrogen, iron(II), sulphur, or ammonium. [6] Auxotrophs must consume preexisting nutrients, whereas prototrophs can synthesise essential nutrients from other compounds.

You may contribute your valuable manuscript through online